SS-31 | 30mg Peptide Pen

1. SS-31 (also known as Elamipretide) is a mitochondria-targeting peptide that has been shown in research to help improve mitochondrial function, reduce oxidative stress, and protect cells from damage. It binds to the inner mitochondrial membrane, where it stabilises cardiolipin, a key lipid involved in maintaining energy production. Studies suggest SS-31 may support neurological health, cardiac function, and muscle endurance, particularly in age-related or degenerative conditions.

1. SS-31 is intended strictly for research use and is not approved for human consumption. In laboratory studies, dosage varies depending on the model and research goals, but typically ranges from 0.1 to 3 mg/kg in animal studies. If using peptide pens in research, the dosage should be calculated precisely based on concentration and application area. Always follow established research protocols and institutional guidelines.

1. In clinical trials and animal studies, SS-31 has been generally well tolerated. Reported side effects (where applicable) include mild injection site irritation, nausea, or headache. As it is not approved for public use, any effects on humans remain under investigation. Researchers should monitor all test subjects closely and document any adverse responses.

1. SS-31 works by binding to cardiolipin, a lipid unique to the inner mitochondrial membrane. This stabilises the membrane structure and improves the efficiency of the electron transport chain, thereby enhancing ATP (energy) production and reducing the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). This dual action supports cellular resilience and protects tissues from metabolic and oxidative damage.

1. The SS hormone, also known as somatostatin, is a naturally occurring peptide hormone that acts as a regulatory inhibitor in the body. Its primary action is to suppress the release of other hormones. Somatostatin inhibits the secretion of:

– Growth hormone (GH) from the pituitary gland

– Insulin and glucagon from the pancreas

– Gastrin and other digestive hormones in the gastrointestinal tract

Through these effects, somatostatin helps regulate growth, blood sugar levels, and digestive processes. It is also used clinically in synthetic form to treat conditions like acromegaly, hormone-secreting tumours, and certain gastrointestinal disorders.